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SY IKS Unit 2 Ch:3 Kausalya's Arthashastra

 

3 Kautilya's Arthashastra 


  • Arthashastra (Economics) was written by Kautilya, who inspired Chandragupta Maurya to become king and rule the state.


  • Kautilya's Arthashastra encompasses four branches of knowledge: philosophy (Anviksiki), the three Vedas (Trayi), economics (Vartta), and political science (Dandaniti). It is also included in the eighteen branches of knowledge (Ashtaadasha Vidya).

  • Kautilya, also known as Chanakya and Vishnugupta, composed this great treatise on economics at a time when the form of government was monarchy and rulers were expected to not only protect their territories but also expand their regional boundaries through war and victory.

  • Kautilya gave the 'theory of public administration' which includes division of work, unity in directions, centralization of power and responsibility, priority of organizational interests over individual ones, discipline, coordination, direction, leadership, supervision, surveillance and invitation, and value-based administration.


  • Kautilya also gave the organization and structure of the administrative system. This includes the king, the organization of institutions and departments, other officials, local administration, etc.


  • Kautilya also talked about religious administration which includes recruitment, promotion, salary and wages, training of public servants etc.

  • Kautilya also talked about the second administration which includes budgeting, accounting and auditing, accounts and audit.


  • Apart from this, Kautilya gave the theory of Saptaanga, which shows the seven pillars of my state. These include: 1. Swami (king), 2. Amatya (ministers), 3. Janapada (territory), 4. Durga (fort), 5. Kosh (treasury), 6. Danda (army), and 7. Mitra (allies).


  • Kautilya also proposed the Mandala theory, which is a theory of interstate relations, that is, relations between states.

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