Comparison of Various Models of Communication
|
Aspect |
Aristotle's Model |
Lasswell's Model |
Stimulus–Response (S-R)
Model |
Shannon & Weaver's
Model |
Schramm's Model |
Intermediary (Gatekeeper)
Model |
|
Developer |
Aristotle |
Harold D. Lasswell |
Behaviorists (Pavlov & Watson) |
Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver |
Wilbur Schramm |
Kurt Lewin / David Manning White |
|
Year |
4th Century BCE |
1948 |
Early 20th Century |
1949 |
1954 |
1947–1950 |
|
Type of Model |
Linear |
Linear |
Linear |
Linear |
Circular / Interactive |
Interactive / Gatekeeping |
|
Nature of Communication |
One-way |
One-way |
One-way |
One-way |
Two-way |
Controlled flow of information |
|
Main Focus |
Persuasion through public speaking |
Analysis of mass communication |
Human response to external stimuli |
Accurate transmission of information |
Mutual understanding through interaction |
Filtering and controlling information before it reaches
the audience |
|
Key Components |
Speaker, Speech, Audience, Occasion, Effect |
Who, Says What, In Which Channel, To Whom, With What
Effect |
Stimulus, Receiver, Response |
Information Source, Transmitter, Channel, Noise,
Receiver, Destination |
Sender, Encoder, Decoder, Receiver, Feedback, Field of
Experience |
Source, Gatekeeper, Channel, Receiver |
|
Feedback Included |
No |
No |
No |
No |
Yes |
Partial |
|
Noise Included |
No |
No |
No |
Yes |
Indirectly |
No |
|
Audience Role |
Passive listener |
Passive receiver |
Passive responder |
Passive receiver |
Active participant |
Receives filtered information |
|
Field of Experience |
No |
No |
No |
No |
Yes |
No |
|
Emphasis |
Effective speech and persuasion |
Communication effect |
Behavioural response |
Efficient message transmission |
Shared understanding and interaction |
Selection and filtering of messages |
|
Best Used For |
Public speaking and speeches |
Mass communication and media studies |
Advertising and behaviour analysis |
Telecommunication and technical communication |
Interpersonal communication |
Journalism, news media, and mass communication |
|
Strengths |
Simple and persuasive; useful in rhetoric |
Easy to analyze communication process |
Explains behaviour and reactions |
Introduces the concept of noise |
Recognizes feedback and shared experiences |
Explains media filtering and editorial decisions |
|
Limitations |
Ignores feedback and interaction |
No feedback; audience is passive |
Oversimplifies human communication |
Mechanical and one-way; ignores social context |
Less suitable for large-scale mass communication |
Focuses mainly on media; limited interpersonal
application |
COMMUNICATION MODELS
│
┌──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────┐
│ │ │ │ │ │
Aristotle Lasswell Stimulus- Shannon & Schramm Intermediary
Model Model Response Weaver Model Model (Gatekeeper)
Model
│ │ │ │ │ │
├─ Linear ├─ Linear ├─ Linear ├─ Linear ├─ Circular ├─ Interactive
├─ Persuasion ├─ Mass Comm. ├─ Behaviour ├─ Technical ├─ Two-way ├─ Media Filter
├─ Speaker ├─ Who ├─ Stimulus ├─ Source ├─ Sender ├─ Source
├─ Speech ├─ Says What ├─ Receiver ├─ Transmitter ├─ Encoder ├─ Gatekeeper
├─ Audience ├─ Channel ├─ Response ├─ Channel ├─ Decoder ├─ Channel
├─ No Feedback ├─ No Feedback ├─ No Feedback ├─ Noise ├─ Feedback ├─ Receiver
├─ Public ├─ Media ├─ Advertising ├─ Receiver ├─ Field of ├─ News Editing
│ Speaking │ Analysis │ ├─ Destination │ Experience │
└─ Limitation: └─ Limitation: └─ Limitation: └─ Limitation: └─ Limitation: └─ Limitation:
One-way One-way Too Simple One-way Not ideal Media-focused
for mass media
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