Insight

 Comparison of Various Models of Communication  Aspect Aristotle's Model Lasswell's Model Stimulus–Response (S-R) Model Shannon & Weaver's Model Schramm's Model Intermediary (Gatekeeper) Model Developer Aristotle Harold D. Lasswell Behaviorists (Pavlov & Watson) Claude Shannon & Warren Weaver Wilbur Schramm Kurt Lewin / David Manning White Year 4th Century BCE 1948 Early 20th Century 1949 1954 1947–1950 Type of Model Linear Linear Linear Linear Circular / Interactive Interactive / Gatekeeping Nature of Communication One-way One-way One-way One-way Two-way Controlled flow of information ...

  Shannon and Weaver's Model of Communication (1949) Developed by: Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver The Shannon and Weaver Model is one of the most influential linear models of communication . Originally developed for electronic and telephone communication , it was later adapted to explain human communication. The model emphasizes the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver and introduces the important concept of Noise , which can interfere with communication. Visual Representation SHANNON AND WEAVER'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION +----------------+ +---------------+ +-----------+ +------------+ +----------------+ | Information |→→ | Transmitter |→→ | Signal |→→ | Receiver |→→ | Destination | | Source | | (Encoder) | | (Channel) | | (Decoder) | | (Audience) | +----------------+ +---------------+ +-----------+ +------------+ +----------------+ ...

  Intermediary Model of Communication The Intermediary Model of Communication explains communication in which the message does not travel directly from the sender to the receiver . Instead, it passes through an intermediary (mediator, gatekeeper, or communication channel) that receives, processes, modifies, filters, or forwards the message before it reaches the final audience. This model is commonly used in mass communication, organizations, public relations, journalism, and digital communication . Visual Representation INTERMEDIARY MODEL OF COMMUNICATION +------------+ +------------------+ +-------------+ | Sender | ───► | Intermediary | ───► | Receiver | +------------+ +------------------+ +-------------+ │ ▼ Edits • Filters • Transmits Expanded Model Sender │ ▼ Encode Message ...

  Schramm's Model of Communication (1954) Developed by: Wilbur Schramm Schramm's Model is an interactive communication model that emphasizes two-way communication . Unlike linear models, it recognizes that communication is a continuous process in which both participants send and receive messages . It also introduces the concept of the Field of Experience , which explains that effective communication depends on the shared knowledge, culture, language, and experiences of the sender and receiver. Visual Representation SCHRAMM'S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION Field of Experience Field of Experience (Knowledge, Culture, etc.) (Knowledge, Culture, etc.) +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ | Sender | | Receiver | | (Encoder) |◄────►| (Decoder) | +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ ...